Rule-based GIS-modelling for management purposes: A case study from the islands of Froan,Sør-Trøndelag,mid-western Norway     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):175-184

The coastal heath region along the western coast of Norway, dominated by Calluna vulgaris, is undergoing rapid change. Vegetation changes are caused by changes in management, including reduced frequency or abandonment of periodic heath burning and reduced cutting and grazing. The islands of Froan, in the outermost part of Sør-Trøndelag County in mid-western Norway, are dominated by coastal heath in a state of recession due to reduced traditional land use. The coastal heath is acknowledged as vulnerable and valuable by national environmental authorities, and local landscape management is supported by different national subsidies. The authors mapped the vegetation on Froan and used rule-based GIS-modelling to predict the relative potential for future vegetation changes. The model was based on a range of map layers, including management themes such as history of heath burning and peat removal, current practices of sheep grazing, and also themes derived from the vegetation map, such as soil nutrients, soil moisture and present management status. The resulting model output provides relative probabilities of future changes under different land-use scenarios, and highlights where management efforts should be focused in order to maintain the traditional landscape character.  相似文献   

Samar i R ros-traktene     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):87-88

The article explores whether marine biodiversity mappings can contribute to the mapping of the material basis of Sami culture. Four different mapping practices are analysed in the article, all related to the seascape in the Lyngen fjord (Lyngenfjorden) in northern Norway. Initiatives undertaken by the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries and the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) to map cod spawning grounds, and by the Sami Rights Commission (SRC) to map customary use of a fjord are compared with local fishing practices. Although the seascape was initially mapped to find spawning grounds (the IMR and the Directorate) and to record social practices (the Directorate and the SRC), the outcomes also express social relations between the mappers and the mapped materials. Whereas the mappings that included fishermen's relations with fishing grounds are compatible with each other, the marine scientists' mapping documented biodiversity independent of local relations with it. The author argues that the marine environment should be seen as expressing social relations between groups of people and certain materialities instead of as separated in natural and social layers. Thus, even though marine biodiversity mapping practices reveal biodiversity in Sami settlement areas, they inform little about the material basis of Sami culture.  相似文献   

湖北省稻飞虱迁入高峰日后向轨迹模拟分析     

万素琴  任永建  刘志雄  周国珍  高正旭  邓环  邓爱娟 《气象》2012,38(12):1538-1545

稻飞虱是造成湖北省水稻大幅度减产原因之一。它是一种典型的气候型迁飞虫害,起飞、迁飞和沉降均与气象条件密切相关。本文采用高空气象场资料、植保站稻飞虱灯下监测资料,在个例分析基础上,利用质点轨迹、扩散及沉降模式HYSPLIT-4,模拟稻飞虱迁飞高峰日后向轨迹,分析湖北省稻飞虱迁飞路径和主要虫源。主要结论：（1）湖北省稻飞虱迁人主要路径有5条：西南路径、南路路径、东南路径、东路路径和东北路径;（2）春夏季稻飞虱迁入路径以西南路径比例最大,平均为47％;其次为南路和东南路径;（3）秋季稻飞虱迁入路径以东北路径比例最大,平均为30％,其次为西南路径,比例为23％;（4）秋季与春夏季相比,西南路径比例下降了24％,东北路径增加了22％,东路路径增加了8％,南路、东南路变化不大。（5）偏南方向（西南路、南路和东南路）三种路径之和春夏季为80％,秋季为55％,秋季比春夏季减少了25％;（6）综合春夏季、秋季,西南路径对湖北省全省都有较大影响,对南部的影响大于北部,偏北路径秋季影响大,南部和东南路径对江汉平原影响最大。（7）理论上稻飞虱虫源区在19°-25°N、90°-120°E之间,以东西向为长轴、南北向为短轴、面积约为3300km×660km的矩形区域内,越南、泰国、缅甸、柬埔寨和菲律宾等地是湖北稻飞虱初始虫源地,云南、贵州、两广、福建、湖南、江西和江淮等地区为湖北省稻飞虱的二次虫源地或三次虫源地。根据未来数值预报场进行质点前向轨迹模拟,综合分析虫源地是否有大量稻飞虱、是否符合起飞条件,目标地是否有下沉气流配合,可以开展稻飞虱迁入气象预报,此工作尚需进一步开展业务试验。  相似文献   

2010年梧州早稻减产的农业气象因素分析     

徐芳  黄帆  欧进泽 《气象研究与应用》2012,33(1):56-58

通过对2010年梧州市早稻生育期的农业气象条件进行了客观的分析评价,并重点分析生长期所遭遇的农业气象灾害对早稻产量的影响,从而找出该年度早稻减产的气象影响因素。  相似文献   

基于MapGIS的图切地质剖面系统面向对象设计与实现          下载免费PDF全文

陈志军  陈建国 《江苏地质》2012,36(3):256-264

地质剖面图可以清晰反映图区内地层、岩体、构造的空间分布特征,对于认识各种地质体和矿床赋存的地质条件和时空分布规律具有重要的意义.在GIS环境下对数字地质图开展图切剖面软件的研究和开发是一项基础且重要的工作,图切地质剖面图不仅可为地质工作者认识地质特征提供基础图件,还可成为三维地质填图基础数据来源.介绍了基于MapGIS的地质图切剖面软件的系统设计方案,深入探讨了图切地质剖面软件研发中的面向对象设计方案,成功实现了面向对象的图切剖面的自动生成及交互修编功能.所研发的制图技术高效实用,能够满足各种比例尺的MapGIS地质图图切剖面的编制要求.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地临清坳陷晚古生代古地理特征^*   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吕大炜  赵洪刚  李增学  刘海燕  王平丽  赵学升  满毅  宁文峰 《古地理学报》2012,14(4):437-450

运用沉积学、地层学、板块构造学等学科理论,分析了临清坳陷晚古生代沉积特征,采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法进行岩相古地理编图,总结出其盆地演化特征。研究结果表明：临清坳陷晚古生代沉积类型主要包括障壁—潟湖沉积、潮坪沉积、碳酸盐岩台地沉积、河控浅水三角洲沉积及曲流河—湖泊沉积。编制5张岩相古地理图,分析发现：本溪期以潮坪相和碳酸盐岩台地相沉积为主;太原期以碳酸盐岩台地相、障壁—潟湖相以及潮坪相沉积为主;山西期以河控浅水三角洲相沉积为主;下石盒子期主要是曲流河道和泛滥平原沉积为主;上石盒子期主要以曲流河与湖泊沉积为主。研究区盆地演化可以划分为3个阶段：第1阶段为晚石炭世至早二叠的本溪期与太原期,主要是陆表海充填沉积阶段;第2阶段为过渡环境沉积充填阶段,即二叠世山西期;第3阶段为陆相环境沉积阶段,包括上石盒子和下石盒子期。  相似文献   

江西早稻穗瘟发生的气象条件监测预警方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭瑞鸽  杜筱玲  刘文英  胡菊芳 《气象与减灾研究》2008,31(3):48-51

稻瘟病的发生受气象环境的影响显著,因此根据代表江西不同区域站点的早稻穗瘟发生情况,选取病害同期气象资料,从稻瘟病病菌致病所要求的气象条件出发,利用温度、湿度、降水、日照等气象因子构建天气促病指数,并将之划分为有利、较有利、不利3个级别来反映气象条件对早稻穗瘟发生的适宜程度。对比分析检验与监测试用情况的结果表明,模型对病害发生气象适宜程度的指示性较好。  相似文献   

气候变化对中国南方稻区水稻产量影响的模拟和分析   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

姚凤梅  张佳华  孙白妮  许吟隆  林而达  门艳忠 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(5):659-666

采用了DSSAT作物模式和区域气候模式相连接,模拟分析了A2和B2气候变化情景对中国主要地区灌溉水稻产量的影响。气候变化情景采用了IPCC发布的SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios)系列的最新温室气体排放情景,气候情景值采用区域气候模式PRECIS(Provide Regional Climates for Impact Studies)的模拟值。通过研究站点水稻对A2和B2增温梯度敏感性的分析表明:温度增加,水稻产量呈下降趋势,随着温度增加,产量下降幅度增大。且在同一增温水平下,在南方热带地区的昆明和海口,产量下降幅度大于其他站点。A2和B2的产量相对于基准年(1961~1990年)的变化分别为:气候变化对不同站点的年代际水稻平均产量表现了正面或负面的影响(A2情景下为2.3%~-10.2%,B2情景下为4.0%~-13.6%),在某一些站点,水稻高产年和低产年的概率明显增加,产量分布趋于两极化。  相似文献   

Data-driven topo-climatic mapping with machine learning methods   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. Pozdnoukhov  L. Foresti  M. Kanevski 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(3):497-518

Automatic environmental monitoring networks enforced by wireless communication technologies provide large and ever increasing volumes of data nowadays. The use of this information in natural hazard research is an important issue. Particularly useful for risk assessment and decision making are the spatial maps of hazard-related parameters produced from point observations and available auxiliary information. The purpose of this article is to present and explore the appropriate tools to process large amounts of available data and produce predictions at fine spatial scales. These are the algorithms of machine learning, which are aimed at non-parametric robust modelling of non-linear dependencies from empirical data. The computational efficiency of the data-driven methods allows producing the prediction maps in real time which makes them superior to physical models for the operational use in risk assessment and mitigation. Particularly, this situation encounters in spatial prediction of climatic variables (topo-climatic mapping). In complex topographies of the mountainous regions, the meteorological processes are highly influenced by the relief. The article shows how these relations, possibly regionalized and non-linear, can be modelled from data using the information from digital elevation models. The particular illustration of the developed methodology concerns the mapping of temperatures (including the situations of Föhn and temperature inversion) given the measurements taken from the Swiss meteorological monitoring network. The range of the methods used in the study includes data-driven feature selection, support vector algorithms and artificial neural networks.  相似文献   

From radon hazard to risk prediction-based on geological maps,soil gas and indoor measurements in Germany   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. Kemski  R. Klingel  A. Siehl  M. Valdivia-Manchego 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(7):1269-1279

Mapped geological units can be regarded as proxies standing for a complex series of subsoil geochemical and physical properties including the assigned radon activity concentration in soil gas, which is taken as best estimator of the regional geogenic radon potential. Areal distribution of measuring sites for soil gas in Germany is adapted to spatial variation of geology. A grid-based and distance-weighted interpolation procedure is applied, following geologically defined neighbourhood relations of measuring sites and accounting for isolated outcrops of known geology but without measurements. To investigate the statistical relationship between indoor radon, house type and building ground specifications, measurements of the indoor radon concentration have been carried out in more than 10,000 dwellings in different regions of Germany. Multiple regression analyses of variance reveal that besides region-specific geological properties and building characteristics, various house type and living style variables significantly contribute to the explained variance for ground floor radon concentrations. These parameters are also dominant in controlling the radon transfer relation from soil gas to indoor air. Risk prediction maps for radon in houses indicating the probability to exceed certain indoor threshold values can be useful especially for regions with no or only a few measurements of indoor radon.  相似文献